Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) often known as ‘forever chemicals’ are of concern due to their presence in the environment and negative impact on human health.
Seeking the tackle their presence in water, researchers at the University of Bath, UK, have developed 3D printed ceramic lattices, or ‘monoliths’, which have proven successful in removing 75% of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of the most common forever chemicals.
Publishing their work in Chemical Engineering Journal, the monoliths are made of ink infused with the ceramic indium oxide.
The 4cm monoliths are created by extruding the ink from a 3D printer and forming it into a lattice shape.
Because indium oxide bonds with PFAS the chemicals stick to monoliths can be removed from the water in under three hours. Dr Liana Zoumpouli, a Research Associate at the University of Bath’s Department of Chemical Engineering and member of the Centre for Digital Manufacturing and Design said; "Using 3D printing to create the monoliths is relatively simple, and it also means the process should be scalable. 3D printing allows us to create objects with a high surface area which is key to the process. Once the monoliths are ready you simply drop them into the water and let them do their work. It’s very exciting and something we are keen to develop further and see in use."
The monoliths once placed in water can be removed in less than three hours, making them compatible with water treatment plants in the UK and elsewhere.
The research team is aiming to refine the process to increase its efficiency. The monoliths can be regenerated under high temperature and the team was surprised to note that they became more efficient with repeated use. PFAS are present in a range of consumer products and manufacturing processes.
Concerns have long been raised about the impact of the chemicals, which take a very long time to break down, on reproductive development, the cardiovascular system, and other health issues.
More chemistry news:
3M to stop making polyfluoroalkyl substances by 2025
US takes decisive action to tackle PFAS in the environment
Ultrasound could be a route for removing PFAS from groundwater
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